Britain

British Isles Kingdoms of Celtic Britain, the Celtic fringes, the Gaelic north & west, and the Angles, Saxons, Danes, & Normans
	So rapid was the disintegration of Romanised British life under the pressure of Saxon and Angle invaders that evidence of the Romano-British states to the east of the Celtic strongholds of modern Wales and Cornwall is often fragmentary and inconclusive. Many of them lasted only a generation or two, and most had been overrun by the end of the seventh century AD. Where names of these states are unknown, the capital town is used to differentiate them. The names of many British states have more than one accepted spelling. Between AD 400-600, the twin impacts of the mass migration of Britons both within Britain and over the Channel to Armorica, and the destructive influence of the Saxon and Angle migrations into the land had within that short time forced the breakdown of the Celtic language into various dialects of the Early Welsh language. Together with the lack of written records from this period, the task of recovering the names of many of the smaller British states is not an easy one. There are also some differences in how personal names are spelt and pronounced. It depends on their source, be it Latin, Welsh, English, or Irish records (the Picts kept no records), and there can be noticeable differences. Most Gaelic names contain "mac", "mab" or "map", and Celtic names "ab" or "ap", and all mean "son of". The Celtic tradition was to be able to recite one's lineage in an unbroken chain from father to son dating back as far as memory would allow, and probably back to a semi-legendary British figure (or very historic Roman figure in the post-Roman country). So a name will usually consist of the individual's own given name, followed by the local variant of "son of" and then the father's name. For daughters in Wales, the term "ferch" was used.
	PREHISTORY & PRE-ROMAN CELTIC TRIBES
	Britain:	Early Cultures (Index) Neolithic Britain (Farmers) Bell Beaker Culture Wessex Culture
	Celtic Tribes in Britain:	Prydein / Britain (High Kings of Britain)   Anavionenses Ancalites Atrebates Attacotti Belgae Bibroci Brigantes Caereni Caledonii Cantiaci / Cantii Carnonacae Carvetii Cassi Catuvellauni Cenimagni Corieltavi / Coritani Cornavii Cornovii (Cornwall) Cornovii (Midlands) Creones / Cerones Damnonii Decantae Deceangli (Decangi) Demetae Dobunni Dumnonii Durotriges Epidii Gabrantovices Gangani Iceni Lopocares Luceni Lugi Novantae Ordovices Parisi Regninses Segontiaci Selgovae Setantii Silures Smertae Taexali Textoverdi Trinovantes Vacomagi Venicones Votadini   Celtic Tribes on the Continent Return to top ^		RELATED LINKS: The Island of Britain 55 BC-AD 43 Cadbury Castle Dumnonia in Maps Map of Europe's Tribes EXTERNAL LINK: Roman Britain IN DEPTH: Pre-Roman Tribes View the changing native Briton tribal borders through a set of detailed maps. IN DEPTH: Roman Britain View the Roman invasion and conquest in a series of detailed maps. IN DEPTH: End of Roman Britain The decline of Roman control and influence in Britain over half a century. RSS/Facebook Feed You can follow our RSS feed, or join us on Facebook for the latest site updates.
	POST-ROMAN CELTIC KINGDOMS
	Roman Period:	Roman Empire Britannia Roman Governors of Britain Roman Britannia Superior & Britannia Inferior Roman Diocese of the Britains British Church (Roman Catholic Church) Post-Roman Britain British Church (Celtic Church)
	Celts of Cymru (Wales):	Brycheiniog Builth (Buellt) Ceredigion (Seisyllwg) Cernyw (Glywyssing) / 'Mid-South Wales' Demetia / 'South Wales' Dogfeilion Dunoding Dyfed Edeligion Ercing (Ergyng) Ewyas Glywyssing / 'Mid-South Wales' Gorfynedd Gwent / Guenta Gwrtheyrnion (Guorthigirniaun) Gwynedd / 'North Wales' Gwynllg Lleyn Meirionnydd Penychen Powys Rheinwg Rhos Rhufoniog		RELATED LINKS: Map of Britannia AD 400 The Island of Britain AD 450-600 Published using the British Map AD 450-600 from the History Files
	Celts of Britain:	Alt Clut / Alclud Bernaccia (Bryneich / Berneich) Caer Baddan Caer Celemion Caer Ceri Caer Colun Caer Gloui Caer-Guendoleu (Solway) Caer Guricon Caer Gwinntguic Caer Luit Coyt Caer Magnis Caer Mincip Caer Went Ceint (Cantiacum) Cornubia (Corniu / Cerniw) Cynwidion (Calchwynedd) Deywr / Deifr Dumnonia (Defnas) Dunoting / Dunaut (North Pennines) Ebrauc (Eboracum) Elmet (Elmetia / Elfed) Galwyddel (Galloway) Glastenning Goutodin (Gododdin / Lothian) Lyonesse (Isles Of Scilly) Northern Britain (Ebrauc) Peak (South Pennines) Pengwern Pennines Rheged (Recet) Rhegin   Corniu (West Wales / Cornwall) Dunbar / Dun Baer Strathclyde / Strathalcluith		The Island of Britain AD 450-500 Cadbury Castle Dumnonia in Maps IN DEPTH: The Anglo-Saxon Conquest View the conquest of Britain in a series of detailed maps. IN DEPTH: Southern Britain's Lost Kingdoms Short-lived territories which were conquered by the Anglo-Saxons. GALLERY FOCUS: A map of the probable borders of the kingdom of Elmet (click on image to read more on a separate page)
	Celts of Armorica:	Kings of the Bretons (Vannetais / Brittany) Bro Erech (Broërec) Cornouaille Domnonia (Dumnonée) Léon Nantes Poher   County of Nantes County of Rennes County of Vannes		Map of Armorica
	Later Wales:	Deheubarth Glywyssing Meirionnydd Morgannwg (Glamorgan) Powys North (Powys Fadog) Powys South (Powys Cyfeiliog/Wenwynwyn) Princes of Wales Seisyllwg   English Princes of Wales Return to top ^		Map of Later Wales
	PICTISH & GAELIC KINGDOMS
	Kingdoms of Caledonia:	Kings of Pictland (Caledonia) North Picts South Picts United Pictland   Kings of Dal Riada   Kings of Scotland House of Alpin House of Atholl House of Alpin House of Atholl (Canmore) House of Balliol House of Bruce House of Stewart Early Modern Scotland		RELATED LINKS: The Island of Britain AD 450-600
	Tribes of Ireland	Gaelic Ireland Fomóraigh High Kings Fir Bolg High Kings Tuatha Dé Danann High Kings Gaelic / Iberian / Milesian High Kings Historical Ireland   Auteini / Autini Brigantes Concani Coriondi Erainn Gangani Hiberni Iverni Magnatae Nagnati Uaithne Usdiae Uterni Vellabori / Velabri Vodii
	Kingdoms of Ireland & Man:	Conmaicne Connacht / Connaught Laigin / Leinster Mide / Meath Munster Thomond (North Munster) Uí Failghe Ulster Viking Kingdom of Dublin / Dyflin   Ynys Manau / The Isle of Man   Lordship & Kingdom of Ireland United Kingdom of Great Britain & Ireland Modern Ireland / Eireann Return to top ^
	ANGLE & SAXON KINGDOMS
	Pre- & Post-Migration:	Angeln (Angles) Anglian Minor Princes Jutes (Eudoses) Saxons (Old Saxony) Bretwaldas of England		RELATED LINKS: Map of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms IN DEPTH: The Anglo-Saxon Conquest View the conquest of Britain in a series of detailed maps. IN DEPTH: Anglo-Saxon Invasion Looking at the Anglo-Saxon influx in Post-Roman Britain.
	Saxons & Jutes of Southern England:	Basingas (Basingstoke) Boroware (Canterbury) Caesterware (Hoo) Cantware (Kent) Daenningas Dornsetae (Dorset) East Seaxe (East Saxons / Essex) Geddingas (Yeading) Gegingas Gillingas (Ealing) Godhelmingas (Godalming) Gumeningas (Harrow) Haeferingas Hæstingas (Hastings) Limenware (Lyminge) Meonware Jutes Middel Seaxe (Middle Saxons / Middlesex) Mimmas (Mimms) Noxgaga Ohtgaga Radingas (Reading) Rodingas (Roding Valley) Somersetae (Somerset) Sunningas (Sonning) Suther-Ge (Suth Rig / Surrey) Suth Seaxe (South Saxons / Sussex) Thames Valley Saxons West Seaxe (West Saxons / Wessex) Whitware (Victuarri / Isle of Wight) Wiltsaete (Wiltshire) Woccingas (Woking)
	Angles & Saxons of Central England:	Ciltern Saetan (Chiltern Settlers) East Engle (East Angles / East Anglia) Feppingas (Phepson) Gifle (Ivel Valley) Herstingas Hicce (Hitchin) Hwicce Iclingas Lindisware (Lindissi / Lindsey) Magonset (Westerna / Herefordshire Saxons) Mercia (Myrcna) Middil Engle (Middle Angles) North Engle (North Angles) North Folk (Norfolk) Pecsaetan (Peak) Pencersaete (Penkridge) Spaldingas (Spalding) Stoppingas Suth Engle (South Angles) Suth Folk (Suffolk) Tomsaete (Tame-Dwellers) Undalum Wixan (Whitsun Brook) Wreocensaetan (Wroxeter)
	Angles North of the Humber:	Bernicia Deira Dunbar Northumbrians (Humbrenses) Reeves of Bamburh / Bamburgh (Bernicia)		IN DEPTH: Vikings in England Discover the Viking presence throughout 9th & 10th century England.
	VIKING KINGDOMS:	Viking Kingdom of Dublin / Dyflin Danish Kingdom of East Anglia Scandinavian Kingdom of York / Jorvik Anglo-Danish Lindsey Return to top ^		Map of England & Wales AD 900
	ENGLAND & GREAT BRITAIN
	United Angles & Saxons:	Lords of Mercia (879) Kingdom United (under Wessex) (924) Earls of Mercia (c.950) Earls of York (954) Earls of Northumberland (1041)
	England:	Anglo-Saxon Kings Danish Kings Anglo-Saxon Kings Norman Kings House of Plantagenet / Angevin House of Lancaster House of York House of Lancaster (Restored) House of York (Restored) House of Tudor House of Stuart Protectorate / Commonwealth of Britain House of Stuart (Restored) House of Hanover House of Saxe-Coburg Gotha House of Windsor   Kings of the Isle of Man   Modern Scotland Modern Wales		SPECIAL INDEX: Castles A growing collection of photobox pages featuring castles in Britain & Europe. SPECIAL INDEX: Bloody British History Read all about the bloody history of your local area in Britain in this gory section.
	Subsidiary Offices & Titles:	Archbishops of Canterbury (Catholic Church) Archbishops of Canterbury (Anglican Church)   English Parliament Plantagenet Parliament Lancastrian Parliament Yorkist & Lancastrian Parliaments Tudor Parliament Stuart Parliament Stuart Parliament (Restored) First Lords of the Treasury Prime Ministers of Great Britain   Marquesses of Milford Haven & Earls of Burma