Near East

 

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	KING LIST INDICES: British Isles Europe Near East Africa Far East Americas THE NEAR EAST: Early Cultures Anatolia Syro-Palestine & Arabia Mesopotamia Persia & Eastwards RELATED LINKS: Map of Anatolia 3000-2000 BC Map of Anatolia 2000-1550 BC Map of Anatolia 1500-1200 BC Map of Trojan War States 1200 BC Eastern Roman Borders c.AD 1-200 GALLERY FOCUS: Saba seal (click on image to read more on a separate page) Help with RSS CONTACT US: Have a feature or king list data to submit? Send it to us at the History Files. LATEST: Features / Lists Argead Gandhara Deheubarth Gloucestershire Churches Aztec Tlacopan 29th Dynasty Egypt Kingdom of Samaria Churches of Holderness United Pictland Churches of Surrey Chen Han Kingdom RSS/Facebook Feed You can follow our RSS feed, or join us on Facebook for the latest site updates. PLEASE SUPPORT THE SITE:
					Near East Kingdoms of Anatolia, Syro-Palestine & Arabia, Mesopotamia, and the Iranian plateau
	ENTIRE REGION
	Prehistory:	Early Cultures (Index) Early Cultures in the Near East   Features for Ancient Mesopotamia (Index)
	ANATOLIA
	Bronze Age States:	Hatti (Hattusa) Hatti (Kanesh / Nesa) Purushanda Zalpa / Zalpuwa Zalwar   Hittites / Hatti (Kheta) Old Hittite Empire Middle Hittite Empire New Hittite Empire   Ahhiyawa (Ahhiya) Arzawa (Luwia)  (Map) Dardania Hayasa-Azzi Ishuwa / Isuwa Karkissa / Karkiya (Caria) Kaskans / Gasga (Kashku) Khilikku / Hilakku Kizzuwatna (Luwia) Kolonae / Colonae Lukka Lyrnessos Mysia (Teuthrea) & Mariandyni Pamphylia Sea Peoples Tarhuntassa (Kode) Teucri / Teukroi Troad / Troas Troy / Ilium (Wilusa?) Zeleia
	Post-Hittite States & Tribes:	Cimmerians   Caria (Karkâ) Hiyawa Lycia / Lykia   Maeonia & Lydia Atyad Kings of Maeonia / Maionia (Tantalids) Heraclid Kings of Maeonia / Lydia (Tylonids)   Mysia (Teuthrea) Paphlagonia Pergamum Phrygia (Mušku) Que / Quwe / Qawe Tabal Urartu / Biainili (Uruatri)
	Iron Age States & Tribes:	Alarodioi Armenia Armenia (Arteshid Kingdom) Kingdom of Lesser Armenia Armenia (Arsacid Kingdom) Caria (Hecatomnids) Halicarnassus (Tyrants) Khilakku (Cilicia) Lydia (Mermnads) Matienoi Miletus (Tyrants) Phrygia (Pharnacids) Saspeires   Persian Governors of Pergamum (Eurypontids) Persian Satrapies (Index)
	Hellenic Kingdoms:	Greek Empire Satrapies (Index) Greek Empire Satraps (Index)   Empire of Antigonus Cappadocia Pergamum Pontus
	Post-Hellenic States:	Greater Armenia (Persarmenia) Kingdom of Lesser Armenia (Erzindjan) Marzban (Persian Armenia) Persian Marzban of Dwin Persian Marzban of Eastern Armenia Governors of Western Armenia Governors of Western Armenia (Byzantines) Principality of Armenia Kingdom of Greater Armenia (Bagratids) Kingdom of Lesser Armenia (Erzindjan / Cilicia)
	Turkic States:	Seljuq Sultanate of Rum (Konya / Iconium) The Black Sheep Emirate / Qara Qoyunlu The White Sheep Emirate / Ak Qoyunlu Ottoman Empire
	Modern Era States:	Eastern Armenia   Modern Armenia Modern Turkey Return to top ^
	SYRO-PALESTINE & ARABIA
	Syria (Second Millennium BC):	Alakhtum / Alalakh Alalakh (City State of Mukish) Alep / Aleppo (State of Yamkhad) Alep / Aleppo (Hittite Princes) Amurru Arpad Bashan Carchemish Damas (Damascus / Upe?) Ebla Emar Hattina Qatna Tuba Tuttul (State of Amnanum) Ugarit Yadiya		RELATED LINKS: Map of Syria 2000-1550 BC Map of Syria 1500-1200 BC GALLERY FOCUS: Damascus steel (click on image to read more on a separate page)
	Syria (First Millennium BC):	Aramaeans Aram Damascus Batanaea Bit Adini / Beit Eden (Barsib) Bit Agusi (Akhan / Yakhan) Carchemish / Ashtata (Hittite Princes) Gamgum Gan Dunias Hamath / Hamah Kar-Shulmanu-Ashared Lukhuti / Hatarikka-Luhuti (Lu'as) Pattin / Patina (Unqi) Sam'al / Yadi / Zincirli / Bit-Gabbari   Seleucid (Hellenic) Empire		RELATED LINKS: Map of Canaan and Syria c.850 BC
	Canaan:	Biblical Canaanite City States   Ammon Amrit / Amurre Arvad / Arwad Biruta (Beirut) Dor (Dora) Edom (Udumi) Gebal / Gubla (Byblos) Habiru Hazor Israelite Tribes Jebusites Midianites Moab (Mu'aba / Ma'ba / Ma'ab) Palestine Salem / Shalem (Jerusalem) Sarepta Sidon Tyre   Israelite Settlement Period Time of the Judges Kingdom of Israel Kingdom of Samaria (Israel) Kingdom of Judah Babylonian Governors of Judah Princes of Judah In Exile Great Jews & High Priests of Judah Hasmonaean (Jewish Independent) Dynasty Herodite Dynasty of Judea Roman Judea   Chiefs of Edom Idumaea   Kings of the Philistines (Philistia)		RELATED LINKS: Map of Canaan and Syria c.850 BC
	Phoenicia:	Phoenician Arvad Phoenician Biruta / Beyryt Phoenician Byblos / Gebal Phoenician Sidon Phoenician Tyre   Shoftim of Tyre Kings of Tyre Restored & Dominated   Persian Vassal Kings of Byblos Persian Vassal Kings of Sidon Argead Byblos   Carthage Gadir (Cadiz) Utica		RELATED LINKS: Map of Canaan and Syria c.850 BC
	Arabian States:	Saba / Sa'Abia / Sheba Kedarites / Qedarites Kingdom of Kedar / Qedar Nabataea / Nabatu Kedarite Bedawi Kings of Sth Jordan & Negev Kingdom of Nabataea
	Islamic Empire:	The Hijrah (Islamic Historical) Era Rightly Guided Caliphs / Rashidun Caliphate Umayyad / Omayyad Caliphate Abbasid Caliphate   Islamic Palestine Islamic Khorasan Hashemite Mecca & Hijaz Sharifs of Mecca
	Islamic Syria:	Islamic Governors of Syria Abbasid Governors of Syria Hamdanid Emirs of Aleppo Hamdanid Emirs of Damascus Fatamid Emirs of Damascus Seljuq Emirs of Damascus Burid Emirs of Damascus Zangid Atabegs of Aleppo Zangid Mosul & Jazira Zangid Atabegs of Damascus Zangid Sinjar Ayyubid Sultanate of Damascus Mameluke Bahrid Emirs of Damascus
	Crusader States (Outremer):	Christian Counts of Edessa (1098) Norman Principality of Antioch (1099) Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem (1099) County of Tripoli (1109) Kingdom of Jerusalem At Acre (1187) Second Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem (1229)   Teutonic Knights
	Ottoman Era States:	Ottoman Governors of Damascus Grand Sharifs of Mecca Shihabi Amirs of Lebanon   House of Su'ud Sultans of Oman & Zanzibar Bahrain   Emirs & Grand Sharifs of Mecca Mütesarrifs of Jerusalem Sultans of Oman
	Transition States:	Kings of the Hijaz & Mecca British Governors of Palestine Hashemite Greater Syria Hashemite Transjordan
	Modern States:	Bahrain Islamic State (in Iraq & Syria) / Daesh Israel & Palestine Jordan Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syria Return to top ^
	MESOPOTAMIA
	Sumer:	Kings Before the Flood Kings After the Flood   Adab Agade / Akkad Akshak / Akcak Bad-Tibira Borsippa Eridu / Eridug Gasur / Nuzi Girsu Guti Hordes / Gutium / Gutians Hamazi Kazallu Kish / Kic Kisurra Kutha / Kutu Lagash / Sirpula Larak / Larag Mari Nippur / Nibu Nuzi / Gasur Sippar / Zimbir Shuruppak / Curuppag Umma Ur / Urim Uruk / Erech / Unug / Urak (Eanna) Uzarlulu		RELATED LINKS: Map of Mesopotamia 2000-1600 BC SPECIAL INDEX: Ancient Mesopotamia A detailed collection of features and king lists covering all of this complex region.
	Amorites:	Der Ekallatum Eshnunna Isin Kazallu & Marad (Marda) Kish Lagash Larsa Mari Shubat-Enlil (Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia) Ur Uruk
	Babylonia:	Babylonian Empire (Old Babylonian)/Dynasty I Sealand Kings of Babylonia (Šeš-ku) / Dynasty II Kassite Kings of Babylonia / Dynasty III Isin Kings of Babylonia / Dynasty IV Kassite Kings of Babylonia / Dynasty V Kassite Kings of Babylonia / Dynasty VI Elamite Kings of Babylonia / Dynasty VII Uncertain Kings of Babylonia / Dynasty VIII Chaldaean Kings of Babylonia / Dynasty IX (& X) Neo-Babylonian Empire / Dynasty X (XI)
	Assyria:	Early Period Old Kingdom Period / Early Dynasty Vassal Kings under Babylonia Adasi Vassal Kings under Babylonia Adasi Vassal Kings under Mitanni Middle Kingdom Period / Adasi Dynasty Neo-Assyrian Empire / Ashur-Rabi Dynasty Sargonid Dynasty
	Hurrian States:	Hurrian State of Urkesh & Nawar (Nagar) Hurrian Kingdom of Arrapha / Arrapkha Hurrian Empire of Mitanni (Naharina / Hanigalbat)
	Northern Mesopotamia (Second Millennium BC):	Andarig / Anderiq Apum / Abum (City State of Shehna) Aram-Nahara'im (Padan-Aram / Bit Nahreen) Bit-Bahiani Harran (Carrhae) Karana Minor Tribes Qattara Razama of the Yamutbal Terqa (State of Hana / Hanna / Khana)
	Mesopotamia (First Millennium BC):	Persian Satraps of Athura Persian Satraps of Babylonia Argead Dynasty in Athura Argead Dynasty in Babylonia Argead Dynasty in Northern Mesopotamia Seleucid (Hellenic) Empire   Persian Empire Satraps (Index) Greek Empire Satraps (Index)
	Iraq:	Hashemite Iraq Modern Iraq Islamic State (in Iraq & Syria) / Daesh   Kuwait Return to top ^
	PERSIA & EASTWARDS
	Early States:	Elam / Haltamtu / Susiana Old Elamite Period / Avan / Awan Kings Simash Kings Eparti Kings Middle Elamite Period / Kidinuid Kings Igehalkid Kings Shutrukid Kings Neo-Elamite Period Late Elam / Susiana   Marhashi (Barashe / Warahshe) Media (Amadai)		RELATED LINKS: Map of Mesopotamia 2000-1600 BC
	Persia:	Achaemenid Persia (Persian Empire) Persian & Greek Satrapies (Index) Persian Empire Satraps (Index)   Argead Dynasty in Media Argead Dynasty in Parthia Argead Dynasty in Persis Macedonian Media Macedonian Parthia Greek Empire Satraps (Index)   Arsacid (Parthian) Persia Sassanid Persia Buwayid (Buyid) Amirs of Iraq Seljuq (Great Sultans) Dynasty Il-Khan Dynasty   Il-Khan Post-Dynasty Puppets Jalayirid Sultanate   Timurid Dynasty Safavid Shahs of Iran Afsharid Shahs of Iran Zand Shahs of Iran Qajar Shahs of Iran Pahlevi Shahs of Iran Modern Iran   'Persia & Eastwards' continues in the Far East lists.